• In both families GPR A

  2022-05-21

  

  In both families, GPR109A mRNA in kidney fat was positively correlated with NEFA as a tendency. A positive correlation between this fat depot and insulin was observed in lean-type cows. In fat-type cows, mesenteric GPR109A mRNA correlated positively with insulin and negatively with urea on a moderat

• In humans the effect of GnRH and hCG

  2022-05-21

  

  In humans, the effect of GnRH and hCG on trophoblast invasion was found to be mediated through extracellular matrix remodeling by facilitating the activity of MMP2 and MMP9 [13], [18], [44]. Both cellular metabolism are collagenases that degrade extracellular matrix. In canines, this has not yet be

• The neuronal glycine receptor HSOR allopregnanolone pathway

  2022-05-21

  

  The neuronal glycine receptor/3α-HSOR/allopregnanolone pathway may also be extended to the central nervous effects of gelsemine and koumine in brain. 3α-HSOR is expressed in certain brain regions in rats and humans, such as the limbic system including hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, in addit

• Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists

  2022-05-21

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• Both anxiety like behavior and sucrose preference

  2022-05-21

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• The transporter was successfully expressed in MSCs

  2022-05-21

  

  The transporter was successfully expressed in MSCs and HEK 293 cells. In both cell types, the expression of YFP-EAAT2 was confirmed by immunological staining and flow cytometry. The functionality of the transporter was determined by [3H]glutamate uptake assays, and the blood glutamate-grabbing activ

• Hippocampal lesioned mice were less able to

  2022-05-21

  

  Hippocampal-lesioned mice were less able to withhold responding during a DRL-10 requirement (i.e. when the animals had to wait 10s between lever presses), and were thus less efficient than sham operated controls. In contrast, GluR-A−/− mice did not differ from wild-type mice when the DRL requirement

• A number of anti diabetic drugs are available that inhibit

  2022-05-21

  

  A number of anti-diabetic drugs are available that inhibit α-glucosidase activity, including acarbose, voglibose and miglitol [6,7]. These inhibitors, however, also exhibit undesirable side effects, such as adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and liver toxicity [8,9]. For diabetics, it would therefore

• For many plasma membrane receptors including

  2022-05-21

  

  For many plasma membrane receptors including GPCRs, their density on the cell-surface is finely controlled by various transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, and is often a determinant of overall receptor function in a cell. To date, the transcriptional regulation an

• Here we used a designer receptors activated

  2022-05-21

  

  Here, we used a designer receptors activated exclusively by designer drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic approach in a novel Ghsr-IRES-Cre knock-in mouse line to test whether the activity of MBH GHSR neurons is required for the normal rebound food intake following fasting. We also used the Ghsr-IRES-C

• FPR activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathw

  2022-05-21

  

  FPR1 activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways responsible for various neutrophil functions, such as adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, LY2584702 of secretory granules, and superoxide anion radical (O2) production, which contribute to the physiological inflammatory response associ

• Preliminary explorations focused on the linker of Table Lill

  2022-05-21

  

  Preliminary explorations focused on the linker of 2 (Table 1). Lilly reported that the methylene between the phenyl and the piperidyl group was metabolically susceptible to N-dealkylation, so we replaced the methylene with a carbonyl moiety to block the metabolic site [23,48] (Fig. 2). In addition,

• Arsenic is generally found in the form

  2022-05-20

  

  Arsenic is generally found in the form of iAs in arsenic plants. Arsenic is primarily metabolized in the liver through methylation processes. Human metabolism of arsenic results in the formation of the methylarsenic metabolites, MMA and DMA, which are more water soluble (Khaleghian et al., 2014; Wei

• When taken together data suggest CRF plays

  2022-05-20

  

  When taken together, data suggest CRF plays a central role in linking the HPA axis, the eCB system, and the amygdala with anxiety (Hill et al., 2009, 2010a; Hillard et al., 2011). In elaborate studies in mice, Gray and colleagues (Gray et al., 2015) showed stress-associated increase in CRF concentra

• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease

  2022-05-20

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

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