• Sequence alignment of cfALDH with the human ALDH indicates t

  2020-06-11

  

  Sequence alignment of cfALDH with the human ALDH1 indicates that the cyanobacterial protein contains the same GQCC motif as the human ALDH1 and ALDH2 proteins [24] (Fig. 1d, highlighted in red, and Supplementary Fig. 2). This motif is present in ALDH1/2 orthologues and these residues reside at the b

• br Effects of estradiol outside the nucleus are

  2020-06-10

  

  Effects of estradiol outside the nucleus are often mediated by classical estrogen receptors Today, it is widely accepted that steroid hormones can signal in ways that do not rely on receptors acting in the nucleus, including activation of receptors localized to the cellular membrane. Rapid effect

• carnosic acid Additionally both in vitro and in vivo

  2020-06-10

  

  Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that a Ca2+ influx is closely related to apoptosis (Rizzuto et al., 2003). Calmodulin (CaM) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which senses intracellular calcium levels by bindi

• EP receptor is known to mediate the

  2020-06-10

  

  EP4 receptor is known to mediate the protective effect of PGE2 on the respiratory, gastrointestinal and glomerular epithelial lining (Aoudjit et al, 2006, Kabashima et al, 2002, Schmidt et al, 2011). In this study, the expression of asEP4 in the gills was limited to the epithelial lining suggesting

• Initially the E uses ATP to activate the C

  2020-06-10

  

  Initially, the E1 uses ATP to activate the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin prior to ligation. In the first step of E1 activation, the E1 catalyzes the adenylation of ubiquitin and pyrophosphate (PPi) release. In the second step, the E1 releases adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and a thioester b

• br As mentioned above defects in the DNA

  2020-06-10

  

  As mentioned above, defects in the DNA ligase IIIα-interacting protein TDP1 have been identified as the cause of the hereditary neurodegenerative disease, spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy 1 (El-Khamisy et al., 2005). In addition, defects in two other DNA repair proteins, aprataxin and

• In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli three

  2020-06-10

  

  In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, three mechanisms of repair for alkylated bases are known. The first involves constitutively expressed Ogt and inducible Ada methyltransferases, directly removing methyl groups from O6-methylguanine (O6meG) and O4-methylthymine (O4meT) [1], [2], [3], [4]. In

• Introduction Collagen deposition is a common feature found

  2020-06-10

  

  Introduction Collagen deposition is a common feature found in cancerous tissues and fibrotic organs/lesions. It is now well accepted that collagen deposition is not just a consequence of disease, but that it can also trigger a vicious cycle. Both chemical and physical signals elicited from collagen

• The IL family consists of nine related molecules

  2020-06-10

  

  The IL-10 family consists of nine related molecules: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28α, IL-28β, and IL-29 [34]. These molecules have a somewhat conserved primary structure and contain a core of hydrophobic YM178 mg and two pairs of disulfide bonds in the chain, giving them a similar s

• br Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant

  2020-06-10

  

  Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2013R1A1A2011238) funded to Young-Mi Lee. Introduction Stroke is considered a serious disease with high morbidity and high mortality. More than 6 million deaths are reported each year wo

• p as a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor exert significant n

  2020-06-09

  

  p21, as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, exert significant negative regulator of proliferation, and it could be transcriptional upregulated by p53 in order to impel transient p2y receptor arrest (Romanov et al., 2010). Using western blotting, we found that the protein expression of p21 upgrades

• Nowadays colorimetric assay has been applied in detecting DN

  2020-06-09

  

  Nowadays, colorimetric assay has been applied in detecting DNA MTase activity. Li et al. used DNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with enzyme-linkage reactions to detect the activity of methylases [20]. In a previous study, our group presented a label-free colorimetric method, using unmo

• Endothelins ETs are peptides expressed in both

  2020-06-09

  

  Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, which can contribute to sensory changes seen in animal models of inflammatory, cancer and neuropathic pain [10], [11]. All three mammalian isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) activate specific G protein-coupl

• LP a levels are lowered by combined oral

  2020-06-08

  

  LP(a) levels are lowered by combined oral hormone therapy [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], whereas for most studies using transdermal HRT little or no changes have been observed [85], [86], [87]. Oral versus transdermal administration In general most markers are influenced in a similar way by oral

• 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis The role of ETB clearing rec

  2020-06-08

  

  The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in detail in endothelial cell–specific ETB knock-out mice. In these animals, clearance of an intravenous 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis of labeled ET-1 was reduced significantly compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, functioning ETB were

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