• For most enolases fluoride acts as an

  2019-10-14

  

  For most enolases, fluoride acts as an inhibitor, while Mg2+ is the most important metal activator. In yeast systems, metal cations and fluoride bind to enolase at the active center of the enzyme, forming a complex. The complex blocks the binding of substrates to the enzyme in yeast systems, thereby

• Predictions of enzyme topology for DGAT are

  2019-10-14

  

  Predictions of enzyme topology for DGAT2 are more difficult since the DGAT2 polypeptide sequences are more diverse across species than those of DGAT1. The length and function of the hydrophilic N-terminus preceding the first hydrophobic segment varies with species – for example, segments in fungi ar

• br Other Alterations in Triglyceride Metabolism in DGAT Defi

  2019-10-14

  

  Other Alterations in Triglyceride Metabolism in DGAT-Deficient Mice Consistent with the enzyme\'s ubiquitous expression pattern, DGAT deficiency also altered triglyceride metabolism in other tissues. For example, postpartum Dgat−/− female mice were unable to nurse their young owing to an absence

• Our data indicate that the ability of

  2019-10-14

  

  Our data indicate that the ability of these promiscuous kinases to bind chemically diverse inhibitors is defined by the hydrophobic pocket formed by the activation loop, which is only accessible in the DFG-Asp-out conformation. Inhibitors do not artificially induce the DFG-Asp-out conformation as wa

• Pathological changes in animal are powerful

  2019-10-14

  

  Pathological changes in animal are powerful indicators of the exposure to environmental stressors. The liver serves as an appropriate organ for the study of pollutant effects because of its high capacity to accumulate pollutant and its susceptibility to histopathological damage by pollutants (Padmin

• br Acknowledgement This work was supported

  2019-10-14

  

  Acknowledgement This work was supported by grant form EU (FP7 grant agreement no.: 266033 SPonge Enzyme End Cell for Innovative AppLication-SPECIAL). Introduction Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) have central roles in the synthesis of collagens and the regulation of oxygen homeostasis [1]. The po

• We have previously reported the characterization of

  2019-10-14

  

  We have previously reported the characterization of A-127722, a novel, non-peptide endothelin antagonist that displays very high affinity binding (K=69 pM) with a more than 1000-fold greater affinity for human endothelin ETA than ETB receptor. Although A-127722 is >1000-fold more selective for endot

• cAMP mediated signaling pathways are important for maintaini

  2019-10-14

  

  cAMP-mediated signaling pathways are important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and the effects of the glucagon/catecholamine–cAMP–PKA axis on energy balance have been well documented [20]. For example, sphingosine kinase inhibitor of the PKA 2β regulatory subunit (RIIβ) in mice leads to incr

• In conclusion we for the first time demonstrated the

  2019-10-14

  

  In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated the enzyme activity and immunoprotective traits of bioactive recombinant SjCE-2b, which was successfully recovered by protein refolding from inclusion bodies. The results address two essential questions that were undocumented in previous investigatio

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments We thank R Bri

  2019-10-14

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments We thank R. Brink for providing HEL2x, M. Tanaka for CD169DTR mice, R. Lathe for making Cyp7b1+/− mice available, and M. Barnes and A. Reboldi for comments on the manuscript. T.Y. is an Irvington Institute Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cancer Research Insti

• Keratin K has been identified as the first intermediate

  2019-10-14

  

  Keratin 8 (K8) has been identified as the first intermediate filament expressed during development in amphibians and mammals. In zebrafish, a type II cytokeratin 8 (zf-K8) cDNA has been cloned. zf-K8 gene was maternally inherited and expressed in all surface cells throughout the embryonic stages old

• At the cellular level TGF has

  2019-10-14

  

  At the cellular level, TGF-β1 has been involved in the formation of invadosomes (Mandal et al., 2008, Varon et al., 2006). Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in matrix degradation and cell invasion through metalloproteinases (MMP) activity (Linder et al., 2011). Invadosomes, constitutiv

• Transduction of cellular signals by G protein coupled recept

  2019-10-14

  

  Transduction of cellular signals by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is stringently regulated to prevent the deleterious effects of unrestrained GPCR signaling. The rapid termination of signaling mediated by agonist-occupied GPCRs is referred to as homologous desensitization and involves the foll

• cfse Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a

  2019-10-12

  

  Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that leads to tumorigenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a common tumor suppressor, the cfse of which is often downregulated or even absent in the majority of human cancers, functions as a phosphatase to depho

• Muscle Ring Fingers MuRFs comprising TRIM

  2019-10-12

  

  Muscle Ring Fingers (MuRFs) comprising TRIM63 (MuRF1), TRIM55 (MuRF2) and TRIM54 (MuRF3) are the most studied TRIMs in the heart. However, with increasing knowledge of E3 ligases and recent advancements in the field, many other TRIMs such as TRIM8, TRIM21, TRIM24, TRIM32, TRIM45, TRIM69 and TRIM72 w

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